【典型例句1】：Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.
【例句解析】：本句是一个简单句，主干是friends are as “related” as fourth cousins，是一个同级比较结构，as…as…意为“和……一样……”。Though not biologically related是一个分词短语做状语的情况，包含省略，完整的句子应该是Though friends are not biologically related(主从句的主语一致)，和主干构成转折关系。sharing about 1% of genes是分词短语做结果状语。
【例句释义】：虽然从生物学角度而言，朋友之间并没有亲属关系，但是朋友之间的相关性却如同和第四代的堂兄弟姐妹一样紧密，共有大约1%的基因。
【典型例句2：】That is what a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has concluded.
【例句解析】：这句话的主干是That is what a study has concluded，published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences是后置定语修饰study，翻译是应当独立成句。
【难句点拨】：这句话的难点在于误把published作为谓语动词，而不能理解has concluded语法作用。需要明确的是动词的-ed形式既可以看作过去式，用做句子的谓语动词，也可以看作过去分词形式，做非谓语成分。而has concluded形式却只能做谓语。
【例句释义】：这是一项研究的结论，它发表在《美国国家科学院会刊》上，是来自加利福尼亚和耶鲁大学的研究结果。
【典型例句3】：Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who resemble our kin.
【例句解析】：这句话的主干是Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people，是由but并列谓语部分;who resemble our kin是定语从句修饰people。but之前是主谓宾的简单句结构，but之后是manage to do sth.(设法做成某事)，其中的select as friends the people who resemble our kin包含宾语后置，即原句是select the people who resemble our kin as friends，即select A as B的结构。由于A部分有定语从句修饰，头重脚轻，所以把整体“先行词+定语从句”整体移到句末。
【例句释义】：大多数人甚至并不认识他们的第四代堂兄弟姐妹，但是某种程度上，却成功地选择了那些像我们亲戚的人们作为朋友。
【典型例句4】：The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.
【例句解析】：这句的主干是The study also found that…，that引导一个宾语从句。宾从中包含一个省略，完整的句子应该是the genes for smell were something shared in friends but genes for immunity (were not something shared in friends)。
【例句释义】：研究也表明：嗅觉基因是朋友间共有的东西，而免疫基因则不是朋友间共有的。
【典型例句5】：There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that drive us in choosing genetically similar friends rather than “functional kinship” of being friends with benefits!
【例句解析】此句的主干是There be句型，There could be many mechanisms。working in tandem是定语，修饰mechanisms;that引导定语从句，修饰mechanisms。
【例句释义】：在选择基因上相似的朋友方面，而不是选择存在相互利益的“功能亲属”成为朋友方面，可能存在许多相互连接的机制，这些机制对我们有驱动作用。
总之，2015年最新的完型填空整体难度有所下降，对背景知识的要求比较低，词汇、长难句的知识都相对简单，没有出现复杂的句型和难理解的词汇。但是，比较稳定的是，仍然偏重对于句子主干成分和修饰成分的确定，尤其是定语和状语的理解。
（本文作者为考研资源网英语辅导名师：申虹）
